Kenneth Spencer Research Library

Poetry is occasionally seen as a “sillier” form of writing due to its limited boundaries and subjective meanings. However, as a form of revolution and rebellion, it remains a constant in the zeitgeist of American literary movements. By highlighting a handful of Special Collections material published by Beat poets, a fellow Kansan, and a Slavic studies scholar, I hope to shine a bit more light on the impactful messaging that came from different, often subversive, poetry collections! 

The first work published in this list, Daisy Aldan’s A New Folder (1959) expresses the desire to reflect American poets’ complicated identity through their writing. The thematic subject for this collection is explained by Wallace Fowlie in his foreword. Fowlie writes that the book testifies to the “continuing vitality of American poetry” (1). With only the common thread of nationality, each poem in this collection provokes Fowlie’s quote: “The artists of a society are its only individuals, and society, by nature and definition, is opposed to individuals” (1). Complemented by American abstract artists like Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, and Franz Kline, A New Folder pinpoints an incredibly specific time in Western art and culture. A product of Beat Generation ideals, the volume concentrates anti-conformist beliefs in relation to human expression and creation through the use of art and poetry.  

Composed and published by David Rattray, Lami (1965) memorializes the life of Alden Van Buskirk through a compilation of his poetry, which explores life in fragments leading up to his death in 1961. In his introduction, Allen Ginsberg describes the collection as a “whole witty­ – somber – book” that “consists of 91 pages and makes a complete statement of Person” (1). The reader is given a collection that feels raw and intimate as the posthumous publication reflects a beloved figure in the Beatnik subculture of the ’60s. The title is accompanied by many definitions as “Lami” is cited to mean “tenement elf but above all guiding genie”; “American lama descended from golden age ‘lambish folke’”; and “also l’ami” (Rattray, Table of Contents). Marked as a collection of poetry that encapsulates one man’s being, Van Buskirk’s mortality and the thematic presence of grief for one’s own life finds a certain intimacy within Lami that holds through to the end.  

The front cover of (left) and the first page of the poem “Abomunist Manifesto” in (right) Solitudes Crowded with Loneliness by Bob Kaufman, 1965. Call Number: LE 1965 B16. Click images to enlarge.

A personal favorite of mine from Spencer’s collection, Bob Kaufman’s Solitudes Crowded with Loneliness (1965) is a tribute to social protest and, as the title suggests, the fight of the lonely subject amongst a crowd. Held at the back of Solitudes Crowded is a broadside of Kaufman’s “Abomunist Manifesto,” which appropriates the Communist Manifesto. Kaufman modifies the language of Marx and Engels with provocative, humorous statements designed to reflect his own radicalism within the counterculture of the 1960s. An “abomunist” is defined by Kaufman as a noun meaning “one who avows Abomunism, disavowing everything else, especially butterscotch” (81). Accompanying political rhetoric, the collection is rich with Kaufman’s “prophetic verse” in which he was known to have written with inspiration “from the improvisatory bebop jazz featured at the Beats’ favorite North Beach watering holes” [1]. The absurdity of Kaufman’s writing subverts expectation as he dedicates himself to the protest of a societal collective. 

The front cover (left) and section (right) of RADI OS by Ronald Johnson, 1977. Call Number: C23084. Click images to enlarge.

Comparatively a much less political piece than the previous examples, Ronald Johnson’s RADI OS (1977) uses abstract design for the art and structure of his poetry. Erasure poetry is made by taking an already written text and erasing the words to create new poetry. As one of the earliest poets to create erasure poetry – one with Kansas roots, no less – Johnson takes John Milton’s Paradise Lost and transforms its text to express his own thematic subject and purpose. The genius of Johnson’s originality and meaning are enforced by Guy Davenport’s afterword, with its notes on the complex and thoughtful use of negative space and the ordering of each page. A particularly favorite insight of mine that Davenport says in his afterword: “What the artist seems to create has, as the artist is the first to appreciate and acknowledge, already been created. Design and arrangement are the artist’s passion. Place is all” (96). Davenport’s words ring true throughout this list, finding creation as a backbone to what makes an artist, and how that creation translates into meaning whether that is political, personal, or both.  

Finally, at first glance McClelland’s 1978 collection dedicated wholly to the existence of a brooding, bloodsucking myth has a comedic air to it. The 21st-century vampire has become more of an angsty, sparkling romantic lead than the seductive, psychological, and aristocratic figure that erupted from authors like Polidori, Le Fanu, and Stoker. Published in 1978 and prefaced by Robert Kelly, The Dracula Poems conceptualize the identity of “poet” as a vampire/monster who is uniquely open to interpretation by language. McClelland’s background in Slavic studies with a concentration in anthropology as well as linguistics offers more to every poem as they attempt to convey metaphorical wonderings of a monster “preserved and isolated at once” in the literary canon [2]. Still remaining an enjoyable and creative collection of well-crafted poetry, McClelland’s book suffuses a popular figure with identity, making the vampire a much more personal beast.  

Theo McKay
Public Services student assistant

[1] Biography of Bob Kaufman by the Academy of American Poets  

[2] Bruce A. McClelland’s website 

This is the third post in a series highlighting various titles from Spencer Research Library’s vast children’s book collection.

Well-loved children’s books spark magic from the thrill of adventure to imagination of far-off, enchanted places. Beloved by generations, classic children’s stories remain with us throughout life, whether it is re-reading childhood favorites or sharing our most loved stories with young people in our lives. These classics ignite imaginations and impart timeless lessons. They become some of our most cherished friends that stay with us throughout our lives.

Most people first think of Peter Rabbit when they think about Beatrix Potter and her little, whimsical books. For me, the memories go somewhere else entirely. I think of my grandparents and those sleepover nights when I was small: the familiar rhythm of Wheel of Fortune and Jeopardy, the soft glow of the Lawrence Welk Show, and then the quiet ritual of getting tucked into bed. Before I’d climb up onto the tall double bed, Grandma let me choose a story. She had a small collection of Beatrix Potter books lined up neatly on the shelf of the secretary. I always picked The Tale of Mr. Jeremy Fisher. Something about that brave little frog in his tiny coat and galoshes captured my imagination every time.

Jeremy Fisher always stood out to me, and I think it began with something wonderfully simple: I liked his name and he wore galoshes. “Galoshes” is a funny word. Jeremy lived by a pond doing the kinds of things frogs like to do. There was an easy, everyday magic in that little world of lily pads, fishing lines, and soft water‑sounds. A place that simultaneously felt adventurous, comforting, and calming, thinking about the lily pads at Great Grandma and Great Pop’s house on Pleasant Lake. I could imagine him living out in the channel where the lily pads grew. There was something irresistible about this earnest little frog in his smart red coat, setting off across the water with more optimism than caution. He wasn’t the mischievous troublemaker like Peter or the tidy, bustling figure of Mrs. Tiggy‑Winkle. Jeremy was gentle, hopeful, and just a little bit unlucky, which made him feel wonderfully real. His world was quieter and calmer, full of reeds, shaded banks, and the small bravery of trying again after a mishap. That big water beetle was scary, but Jeremy persevered. Even then, I think I loved that he wasn’t perfect. He was brave and simply did his best, and somehow that made his story feel like a friend I’d return to every time I visited Grandma’s.

Beatrix Potter’s characters have a way of lasting, settling into memory long after childhood has passed. Part of their endurance comes from how Potter built them as small creatures with very human hearts. They’re mischievous or hopeful or a little unlucky, but always recognizable. Peter’s impulsiveness, Jemima’s earnestness, Jeremy’s gentle optimism: these aren’t just traits of animals in waistcoats (and galoshes), they’re reflections of us. And because Potter never talked down to children, her stories carry an honesty that still feels fresh. The stakes may be small like a lost handkerchief or a ruined fishing trip, but the emotions are real. Her characters inhabit tiny, complete worlds where courage is quiet, mistakes are forgivable, and trying again is its own kind of triumph. That’s why they stay with us. They grow as we grow, offering something new each time we return to them.

Left: An illustration of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle in The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle, New York: Frederick Warne & Co., 1905. Call Number: Children 2972. Right: The front cover of The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck, New York: Frederick Warne & Co., Inc., 1936. Call Number: Children 2974. Click images to enlarge.

Potter was famously particular about the size of her books. She wanted them to be small enough for children to hold comfortably as intimate little volumes that fit into a pocket or a bedtime routine. Her publishers pushed for larger formats, but she held her ground. To her, the charm of these stories depended on scale: tiny creatures deserved tiny books. A child should feel as though they were peeking into a private world, one they could cup in their palms. That insistence on smallness created a kind of closeness between reader and story, a feeling that Peter Rabbit or Mr. Tod might jump right off the page. It’s part of why her tales endure, they were designed not just to be read, but to be held.

Left: The titular character of The Tale of Mr. Tod, New York: Frederick Warne & Co., Inc., 1912. Call Number: Children 2982. Right: An illustration from The Tailor of Gloucester, New York: Frederick Warne & Co., 1903. Call Number: Children 2981. Click images to enlarge.

Potter’s little books didn’t just fit small hands; they shaped how children read. Their size created a sense of ownership, as if each story were a secret meant just for you. A child could hold the whole world of Squirrel Nutkin or the Tailor of Gloucester in one palm, turning pages that felt perfectly scaled to their own sense of wonder. The intimacy of that design slowed the reading experience down: you leaned in closer, studied the illustrations more carefully, and felt as though you were peeking into a miniature universe. Those tiny volumes made reading feel personal, portable, and inviting a quiet invitation to step into a story and carry it with you wherever you went.

Potter’s tiny, whimsical books didn’t stay tucked away in English nurseries for long. Their charm crossed borders almost as quickly as they captured hearts. They were small, easy to hold, easy to carry, and almost like treasures. They translated beautifully into other languages. Soon children around the world were meeting Peter Rabbit, Jemima Puddle‑Duck, and Jeremy Fisher in their own words, discovering the same quiet ponds, tidy burrows, and bustling little villages. Those pocket‑sized stories became tiny passports, carrying her small animal worlds from one country to the next, proving that gentle, kind wonder needs no translation.

French (left) and German (right) translations of The Tale of Peter Rabbit, London and New York: Frederick Warne & Co., LTD, undated. Call Numbers: Children 2973A and Children 2975A. Click images to enlarge.

In the end, that’s what Beatrix Potter’s work has always done; taken something small and made it feel expansive. Her tiny books, perfectly sized for little hands, carried whole worlds inside them. And somehow those miniature stories traveled far beyond the quiet corners of English nurseries, finding their way into new languages, new homes, and new childhoods. It’s amazing that the same Jeremy Fisher who kept me company at my grandparents’ house has hopped across continents, meeting children who see their own wonder reflected in his gentle courage. These stories endure because they invite us in close, offering a world we can hold and one that, if we’re lucky, holds us right back.

Even for those of us who come to Beatrix Potter simply as readers, not scholars, there’s something quietly powerful about knowing these tiny books and their many editions are preserved in places like Spencer Research Library. Holding a physical copy of The Tale of Mr. Jeremy Fisher or The Tailor of Gloucester connects us to the way children first encountered these stories: small pages, careful illustrations, and a scale Potter insisted on because it shaped how young readers experienced wonder. Archives protect that experience. They safeguard the variations in printings, the translations that carried Peter Rabbit across borders, and the little design choices that made these books feel like treasures in a child’s hands. Preserving the books themselves ensures that future readers – whether curious visitors, devoted fans, or someone simply remembering a bedtime story at their grandparents’ house – can still encounter Potter’s world as she meant it to be held.

Spencer Research Library has twenty-one holdings of Beatrix Potter books. Frederick Warne & Co. (also Frederick Warne & Co., Inc. and Frederick Warne & Co., LTD) published Potter’s little books. The company had publishing houses in London and New York. The publication date and call number of each title are listed below:

• The Tale of Ginger and Pickles, 1909 (Children 2970)
• Histoire de Pierre Lapin [The Tale of Peter Rabbit, French], undated (Children 2973A)
• The Tale of the Pie and the Patty-Pan, 1905 (Children 2965)
• The Roly-Poly Pudding, 1908 (Children C606)
• The Tailor of Gloucester, 1903 (Children 2981)
• The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck, 1936 (Children 2974)
• The Tale of Mr. Jeremy Fisher, 1906 (Children 2983) and 1934 (Children 2984)
• The Tale of Mr. Tod, 1912 (Children 2982)
• The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle, 1905 (Children 2972)
• The Tale of Mrs. Tittlemouse, 1910 (Children 2979)
• The Tale of Peter Rabbit, undated (Children 2978)
• The Tale of the Pigling Bland, 1913 (Children 2980)
• The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin,1903 (Children 2971)
• The Tale of the Flopsy Bunnies, 1909 (Children 2976A)
• Het verhall van Petertje het Konijntje [The Tale of Peter Rabbit, German], undated (Children 2975A)
• Wag-by-Wall, 1944 (Children B1119 and Children 2969)

Beatrix Potter titles by other publishers:

• The Fairy Caravan, Philadelphia: David McKay Company, 1929 (Children 3479)
• Peter Rabbit, Philadelphia: Henry Altemus Company, DATE (Children 5159A)

Meredith Phares
Operations Manager

This is the second post in a series highlighting various titles from Spencer Research Library’s vast children’s book collection.

Well-loved children’s books spark magic from the thrill of adventure to imagination of far-off, enchanted places. Beloved by generations, classic children’s stories remain with us throughout life, whether it is re-reading childhood favorites or sharing our most loved stories with young people in our lives. These classics ignite imaginations and impart timeless lessons. They become some of our most cherished friends that stay with us throughout our lives.

While browsing our children’s collections for this series, my eye caught the book Rumpelstiltskin. It was a beloved story from my childhood. I carefully pulled the volume from the shelf and discovered that this is the exact same book with the little yellow troll that I remembered. The copy I grew up with made it from 1973 through three kids and years of love, although the dust jacket was lost along the way.

The front cover (left) and title page (right) of Edith H. Tarcov’s retelling of the Brothers Grimm story Rumpelstiltskin, illustrated by Edward Gorey, Four Winds Press: 1973. Call Number: Children C262. Click images to enlarge.

Before opening Spencer’s copy, I realized how little of the story I actually remembered – just impressions, really. A spinning wheel. A frightened girl. A strange little man whose name felt impossible and magical all at once. Childhood stories often linger this way, not as full plots but as bright fragments that stay tucked in the corners of memory. Holding the book again, I felt those fragments stir, as if the story had been waiting patiently for me to return.

Browsing through the pages, I was transported back to a place and time I had not visited in years. Books have that effect on people. They can sweep you into imagined worlds filled with wonder, but they can also return you to the most familiar corners of your own story: the home of your youth, your small hands turning the pages, the feeling of sitting on your mother’s lap as she reads to you. That quiet comfort stays with you long after childhood has passed.

Selected pages in Rumpelstiltskin, 1973. Call Number: Children C262. Click images to enlarge.

The illustrations were the first things to rise up from memory, those bold shapes and bright colors that once felt larger than life. Seeing them again was like recognizing an old friend across a crowded room. Childhood stories often imprint themselves visually before anything else, and these images had lived quietly in the back of my mind for decades. Each page brought back a flicker of familiarity: the tilt of a character’s expression, the sweep of a dress, the way the little man seemed both mischievous and mysterious. Illustrations have a way of anchoring a story in the imagination and rediscovering them reminded me just how powerfully art shapes the way we remember the tales we loved.

Selected pages in Rumpelstiltskin, 1973. Call Number: Children C262. Click images to enlarge.

Stories also change as we change. The tale I remembered from childhood – a frightened girl trapped in an impossible bargain – reads differently now. With adult eyes, I see a young woman navigating power, danger, and impossible expectations and ultimately outwitting the very creature who sought to control her. What once felt like a simple “damsel in distress” story reveals itself as something more layered: a narrative about resourcefulness, resilience, and the quiet strength of naming what threatens you. It is remarkable how familiar tales shift over time, offering new meanings as we grow into new versions of ourselves.

That feeling – that sudden, tender collapse of past and present – is exactly why special collections stewardship matters. We preserve these books because they are more than paper and ink. They are anchors. They are memory‑keepers. They are the quiet, steady companions that shaped childhoods, sparked imaginations, and offered refuge on difficult days. When we protect them, we are not just saving objects; we are safeguarding the emotional landscapes they hold.

Selected pages in Rumpelstiltskin, 1973. Call Number: Children C262. Click images to enlarge.

In special collections, we make sure that these touchstones of childhood do not disappear into attics or thrift stores or the slow erosion of time. We keep them so that someone, decades from now, can open a familiar story and feel that same rush of recognition, that same warmth of being transported home.

Selected pages in Rumpelstiltskin, 1973. Call Number: Children C262. Click images to enlarge.

As I closed the book and placed it back on the shelf, that familiar warmth lingered: the feeling of being carried, just for a moment, back into childhood. That is the quiet power of these stories, and the reason we preserve them. Through the work of special collections and the care of special collections stewardship, we ensure that these tales endure not only as artifacts, but as living companions. They remain ready to inspire new readers, spark new imaginations, and offer that same sense of home to someone else, years or even decades from now.

Meredith Phares
Operations Manager

As an elder millennial who loved history as a child and grew up with American Girl, I’ve been excited about the company’s 40th anniversary this year. As a result, I will be sharing a series of posts highlighting Spencer collection materials that connect to AG’s six original historical characters, in chronological order of when they “lived”: Felicity Merriman, Josefina Montoya, Kirsten Larson, Addy Walker, Samantha Parkington, and Molly McIntyre. Each post will focus on a different character and explore a selection of items that relate to the time and place in which she “lived” and topics or themes explored in her stories.

When readers meet Felicity Merriman, she is a “spunky, sprightly” nine-year-old girl living in Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1774. Her stories are set against the backdrop of rising tensions between Patriots and Loyalists just before the American Revolution, and the theme of independence runs throughout them. Felicity herself balks at learning expected housewifery skills, and she attempts to free a beloved horse named Penny from an abusive owner. The questions of freedom, liberty, and equality asked in the stories are not extended to the enslaved characters (and one free person of color) who are mentioned or implied. Other topics in Felicity’s books include education for girls, illnesses and injuries, British taxation especially on tea, her father’s store, and maintaining friendships in the face of disagreements.

Selected pages in The Ladies’ Diary, or, Woman’s Almanack for the Year of Our Lord 1774. Published in London between 1704 and 1841, The Ladies’ Diary, or, Woman’s Almanack famously featured puzzles and mathematical questions in addition to calendars and important dates. Spencer’s 1774 copy appears to feature a red two-pence duty tax stamp. It is also bound with nine other popular Company of Stationers almanacs from the same year; similar volumes from several years between 1744 and 1826 can also be found at Spencer under the call number “Bond B17.” Call Number: Bond B17 1774. Click images to enlarge.

The title page and publication note of An Oration Delivered March 5, 1774: At the Request of the Inhabitants of the Town of Boston; To Commemorate the Bloody Tragedy of the Fifth of March 1770 by John Hancock, Boston: 1774. “Some boast of being friends to government,” Hancock asserted in this speech. “I am a friend to righteous government, to a government founded upon the principles of reason and justice; but I glory in publicly avowing my eternal enmity to tyranny.” This speech can be read online through the Massachusetts Historical Society; a transcription is available through the UMKC School of Law “Famous Trials” website. Call Number: D845. Click images to enlarge.

The frontispiece (left) and title page (middle) of The Experienced English Housekeeper, for the Use and Ease of Ladies, Housekeepers, Cooks, &c. by Elizabeth Raffald, London: 1778. On the right is a fold-out copper plate diagram of a first-course dinner arrangement consisting of 25 dishes, part of what Raffald calls a “grand table”: “January being a month when entertainments are most used, and most wanted, from that motive I have drawn my dinner at that season of the year.” A second copper plate diagram shows another 25 dishes, and Raffald asserts that the third (dessert) course “must” therefore “be of the same number.” Call Number: C3670. Click images to enlarge.

The title page and a selection of treatments in Every Man His Own Physician by John Theobald, London: 1766 (a “new edition, improved). Historically known as chlorosis, “green sickness” was primarily diagnosed in young, unmarried teenage girls. “Gripes” is an older term for influenza. Note that the cure for headaches includes “leeches behind the ears.” Call Number: B9522. Click images to enlarge.

Selected Additional Collection Items

Colonial British America, Virginia, and Williamsburg

• Map, North America, as Divided Amongst the European Powers, London: 1774. Call Number: Orbis Maps 1:85.
• The Office and Authority of a Justice of Peace Explained and Digested, Under Proper Titles by Richard Starke, Williamsburg: 1774. Includes a section on penalties for (ahem, Felicity) stealing horses. George Washington had a copy of this work in his library. Call Number: C14997.
• Map, A New and Correct Map of North America, With the West India Islands; Divided According to the Last Treaty of Peace, Concluded at Paris. 10th. Feby. 1763, London: 1777. Call Number: N6 Orbis 1:81.
• Map, Bowles’s New Map of North America and the West Indies, London: 1781. Call Number: N7 Orbis 1:82.
• Notes on the State of Virginia by Thomas Jefferson, London: 1787. Call Number: C1485.
• Colonial Williamsburg, the First Twenty-Five Years; A Report, 1952. Call Number: RH D1411.

Rising Tensions Before the American Revolution

• First [-Fifth] Report from the Committee Appointed to Enquire [sic] into the Nature, State, and Condition, of the East India Company, and of the British Affairs in the East Indies, London: 1773? These reports document the UK Parliament’s investigation into the East India Company in 1772 and 1773. One result of this inquiry was the Tea Act of 1773, which features prominently in Felicity’s stories. Call Number: G374 v.3 items 6-10.
• Considerations on the Measures Carrying on With Respect to the British Colonies in North America, anonymously written by Matthew Robinson, 2nd Baron Rokeby, London: 1774. Call Number: 18th century Prose 716.
• Extracts from the Votes and Proceedings of the American Continental Congress, Held at Philadelphia, on the Fifth of September, 1774, Philadelphia: 1774. Call Number: 18th century Prose 2275.
• American Independence the Interest and Glory of Great Britain by John Cartwright, London: 1774. Call Number: C1497.
• Speech of Edmund Burke, Esq. on American Taxation, April 19, 1774, London: 1775. Call Number: C3454 item 3.

Slavery in Colonial British America

• A Caution to Great Britain and Her Colonies, in a Short Representation of the Calamitous State of the Enslaved Negroes in the British Dominions by Anthony Benezet, London: 1767. Call Number: C3749.
• Thoughts Upon Slavery by John Wesley, London: 1774. Call Number: Howey B2111.
• Fragment of an Original Letter on the Slavery of the Negroes; Written in the Year 1776 by Thomas Day, London: 1784. Call Number: Howey C3950 item 2.

Household Matters and Girls’ Education

• The Ready Calculator: or, Trader’s Certain Guide, in Computing the Price, or Amount of Any Quantity of Goods and Merchandizes by Thomas Slack, London: 1771. Call Number: Howey B856.
• An Essay Upon Nursing and the Management of Children, From Their Birth to Three Years of Age by William Cadogan, Boston: 1772. Call Number: C1801.
• Letters on the Improvement of the Mind, Addressed to a Young Lady. In Two Volumes by Mrs. (Hester) Chapone, London: 1773. Call Number: B3783.
• An Essay on the Learning, Genius, and Abilities of the Fair-Sex: Proving Them Not Inferior to Man, From a Variety of Examples, Extracted From Ancient and Modern History, an English translation of Defensa de las mujer by Benito Jerónimo Feijoo y Montenegro, London: 1774. Call Number: B7649.
• The Toilet of Flora, an English translation (with alterations) of La toilette de flore by Pierre-Joseph Buc’hoz, London: 1775. Contains “a collection of the most simple and approved methods of preparing baths, essences, pomatums, powders, perfumes, sweet-scented waters, and opiates for preserving and whitening the teeth” with “receipts [recipes] for cosmetics of every kind, that can smooth and brighten the skin, give force to beauty, and take off the appearance of old age and decay.” Call Number: B8738.
• The Complete Vermin-Killer: A Valuable and Useful Companion for Families, in Town and Country, London: 1777. Includes “safe and quick methods of destroying bugs, lice, fleas, rats, mice, moles, weazels [sic], caterpillars, frogs, pismires, snails, frogs, moths, earwigs, wasps, pole-cats, badgers, foxes, otters, and fish and birds of all kinds.” Also includes “useful family receipts, for the preparation of medicines” and “directions for the purchase, management and cure of horses.” Call Number: Ellis Omnia C437.

Horses

• Observations Upon the Shoeing of Horses: With an Anatomical Description of the Bones in the Foot of a Horse by James Clark, Edinburgh: 1770. Call Number: 18th century Prose 1841.
• A Treatise on Cattle: Shewing the Most Approved Methods of Breeding, Rearing, and Fitting for Use, Horses, Asses, Mules, Horned Cattle, Sheep, Goats, and Swine by John Mills, Dublin: 1776. Call Number: C4072.

Caitlin Klepper
Public Engagement Librarian

The Summerfield Collection at Kenneth Spencer Research Library consists of early-modern printed books, but the focus of a current project supervised by Special Collections Curator Eve Wolynes is to identify instances of binder’s waste and, when possible, identify their original source. Binder’s waste is a term for when parts or pages of an older, often medieval, manuscript are reused as part of the structure of a book’s binding. This could mean the boards of a book, structural support for the spine, or more decorative details like the cover, flyleaves, or similar. Many of the materials used as examples here are currently available for viewing – with a second case of materials highlighting illustrations by Edward Gorey – in Spencer’s North Gallery through May 29th.

Beginning with structure, the most obvious examples of reuse can be found in the interior of a volume, generally on the boards near the spine. This kind of reuse is generally to help support either just the spine or the adherence of the boards and the spine together. Lorenzo Valla’s Elegantiae (Call Number: Summerfield B1962) has an example of this as the paper pasted on top (pastedown) has worn away enough to show some of the reuse (Fig. 1). This is clearly a medieval text, and – while it is fragmented – some of the words such as “Johannes” in the body text and “baptista” in the marginal notation among other examples illustrate that the focus of the text is on John the Baptist.

An example of more spinal support (Fig. 2.1) is seen in Analysis Logica Libri S. Lucae Qui Inscribitur Acta Apostoloru (Call Number: Summerfield B698). The strips are another method in which reuse occurs, though it can also be in longer or wider strips. The strips in this particular volume do not have any text or decoration remaining, so their exact origin cannot be certain. However, it is possible they come from the same leaf that was used to make the cover (Fig. 2.2). Based on the text visible both from the interior of the spine and the exterior cover, we can find that the lyrics to the music sheet are from “Lauda Sion,” a Christian hymn that celebrates Jesus Christ. Reuse of music sheets is fairly common within the Summerfield Collection, likely due to the rubrication and various ink colors or decoration that may accompany them.

Music, although not a particularly popular feature, was not an uncommon form of reuse, either because of its wide availability or because it had some aspect of artistry and thus aesthetic interest for a cover. While actual music sheets may have been popular, texts of chant or hymnal lyrics are also quite common. A book of hours in the Summerfield Collection (Call Number: Summerfield B2890) has one such instance of reuse as the cover consists of a chant to laud St. Louis (Ludovicus in Latin), which would likely have been performed during Mass (Fig. 3).

There were, of course, numerous other ways to reuse materials, but these are some of the most common examples within Spencer’s holdings. While some of the items are currently part of the temporary exhibit, the Summerfield Collection is always available for access in the Reading Room at Kenneth Spencer Research Library.

Kit Cavazos
Public Services student assistant